Facelift/ Facial Rejuvenation
Facial Surgery
Dr Mueller’s interest and desire to rejuvenate the face and neck without leaving the typical signs of surgery has allowed him to create a new approach to facial and neck rejuvenation.
The majority of Dr Mueller’s patients seek his care for facial and neck procedures designed to erase many of the signs of aging and or genetic features. Brow lifts, eyelid lifts, nose-jobs (rhinoplasties), facelifts and neck lifts make-up the majority of his practice.
When it comes to the face, Dr Mueller attracts patients from around the world. His reputation as being one of the best plastic surgeons has resulted in hundreds of referrals from those who have either seen his work or had procedures done by him. Clients range from some of the most famous individuals in the world, to those who have been devastated by the deformity caused by HIV/AIDS. Dr Mueller is one of the few Board-Certified Plastic Surgeons who dedicates a portion of his practice to taking care of those suffering from the physical manifestations of this disease.
During each patient consultation, Dr Mueller will evaluate your condition and will recommend what he feels will give you the best outcome. Every patient can be assured that Dr Mueller is a responsible physician, who is full of integrity.
In those patients who require facial surgery to rejuvenate, Dr Mueller will customize the approach for each patient.
Dr Mueller utilizes the SMAS lift, the MAC lift, the Trampoline Playsmaplasty , the Neck-Defining Suture and the Endoscopic Brow lift depending on the findings and needs of each patient. He also uses Vaser ultrasound to remove fat in and around the face and neck as needed.
Patients can expect to have a well-thought out treatment plan that has be tailored individually for each person. Dr Mueller can offer everything from sunscreen, to laser technology, to surgery to obtain the best outcomes for his patients.
Dr Mueller co-owns Cassileth/Mueller Cosmetic Medicine which is a non-invasive medical spa offering skin care products, injectable fillers, botox, and various laser technologies such as the Fraxel Laser.
Rest assured all patients will be given access to some of the most advanced technology available to help you look your best.
Dr Mueller’s recent success in facial surgery has significantly increased the numbers of patients traveling to his Beverly Hills office to undergo procedures that take less time, leave little or no scarring at all, and allow recovery in a fraction of the time compared to other traditional approaches.
Dr Mueller’s innovation called Threadlite Technology was first utilized in September of 2007. Threadlite Technology has been Dr. Mueller’s focus for the last several years. Dr. Mueller designed a surgical instrument system that uses a completely new approach to facial and neck rejuvenation. Basically, Threadlite allows many conventional procedures to be performed with minimal to no incisions at all. This ability has shortened procedure times and has lessoned the need for general anesthesia and has shortened recovery times approximately 80% compared to traditional surgeries.
Brow Lift
The elevation of the eyebrows to a more youthful position.
Rhinoplasty
Otoplasty can reshape the ears, reduce their size, making them more symmetrical, and/or position them closer to the head. There are several variations of deformity of the ears, each of which must be treated in a different manner. Basically, otoplasty is performed to correct excess protrusion of the ears and place them in a more normal, less conspicuous position. Dr. Mueller will discuss this in detail with you.
It should be noted that both ears are never exactly alike, even in the normal state, and that perfect symmetry is therefore not a reasonable expectation. The operation has no adverse effects upon the hearing mechanism.
About the surgical procedure:
The operation takes approximately 1 to 2 hours to complete and is not painful. The procedure consists of an incision on the back side of the ear, with the removal of a small segment of skin. The cartilage is exposed, and is thinned or cut so that the ear will be placed in a normal position and have a normal configuration. Stitches are used to hold the cartilage in place and to close the skin incision. A bulky type dressing is applied completely around the head so that both ears can be protected, swelling minimized and discomfort limited.
What to expect after surgery:
Discomfort post-operatively is minimal. Whatever discomfort there may be is short-lived and easily handled with routine pain medication. Dressings will be left in place for a period of 1 to 2 weeks and they will be changed periodically as needed. It is advisable to wear a bandana or bandage over the head and ears at night for an additional 3 weeks to avoid injuring the ears while sleeping. When the bandages are removed, the ears will appear swollen and bluish in color. This is normal and will be evident for approximately 4 weeks. Slight swelling will be noticeable for a few weeks. Sutures will be removed in approximately 1 week.
Best candidates are:
*Child, aged four or older, or adult
*In general good health
*No history of scarring problems, such as keloids
*Wanting to improve appearance
*Realistic expectations
*Understand the limitations on activities required for good healing
activities required for good healing
Liposculpture
Liposculpture is the surgical removal of fat from beneath the surface of the skin. It is used to reduce fullness in any area of the body. It is an excellent method of spot reduction but is not an effective method of weight loss.
What is the tumescent technique?
The tumescent technique involves injection beneath the skin of large volumes of salt water containing lidocaine, a local anesthetic and small amounts of adrenaline, a naturally occurring hormone, which shrinks blood vessels. Dr. Mueller injects this solution into the fat prior to performing liposuction, numbing the tissue and shrinking the blood vessels thereby eliminating pain, reducing and minimizing bleeding, bruising and swelling. The tumescent technique permits some patients who were previously treated under local anesthesia with sedation.
Who is a candidate for liposuction?
Generally, people who have localized areas of protruding fat achieve the most dramatic results. Patients who are slightly overweight can benefit from liposuction. It is best to be at or near your normal weight. Good skin elasticity permits the skin to shrink easily to the reduced contour. There are no real age limits for liposuction.
A liposuction is used on the neck area?
If there is excess fat in the area under the chin and the skin is taut, liposuction can produce a more sculpted, angular, and youthful jaw line. If, however, the skin of the neck is loose, hanging, or crepey, even if there is excess fat, liposuction alone will not produce the desired result. Patients with loose skin usually require a face and neck lift in addition to or instead of liposuction. In general, most patients who benefit from liposuction of the neck are under 40. Most patients over 40 will require some surgical skin tightening. This will be discussed further in consultation with Dr. Mueller.
What are the risks associated with association?
Although liposuction is very safe and effective, it is surgical procedure and can cause complications such as infection, bleeding and nerve damage. In addiction, aesthetic complications such as skin irregularity or waviness can occur if too much fat has been removed. Fortunately, complications are uncommon and most patients are satisfied with their results of Dr. Mueller’s surgery.
Abdominoplasty
Abdominoplasty will tighten the abdominal muscles, as well as the sagging, excess skin and accumulated fatty tissue. Not only will your abdomen be firmer and flatter, but your waist will be smaller as well.
The amount of improvement depends upon the extent of surgery and the patient’s skin tone, body build, and healing process.
How is the surgery done?
There are several different abdominoplasty techniques. The most common procedure is performed under general anesthesia. In the full abdominoplasty procedure, an incision is made across the lower abdomen, just above the pubic area. Another incision is made around the belly button to free the surrounding skin, and all of the skin is separated from the abdominal wall. Dr. Mueller pulls the loose muscles from the left and the right sides and sutures them together. This tightens the muscles to create a stronger abdominal wall and a smaller waist. Excess skin is removed, and a new opening is made for the belly button at the right position. The incisions are closed with sutures (stitches) and/or staples.
If your only problem area is below the belly button, you may benefit from a less complex procedure called a mini abdominoplasty. Dr. Mueller may recommend either a mini or complete abdominoplasty done in conjunction with liposuction to remove fat deposits from the hips, for a better body contour. Sometimes liposuction alone gives the best results.
How long does the surgery take?
An abdominoplasty generally takes about 2-5 hours, depending on the extent of the repair. A partial abdominoplasty takes about 1 or 2 hours.
Scars: The scars left by this procedure are generally predictable and although they fade with time, the are permanent. Occasionally, a scar revision procedure is necessary to attain the best cosmetic result. These procedures are minor and can be carried out in the office under local anesthesia. A pouching of the tissue immediately above the incision line may be apparent after surgery. This is usually temporary and gradually smooths out over a period of months.
The best candidate:
*18 years of age or older
*Mature enough to fully understand the procedure
*In relatively good shape, except for the abdominal area
*Not pregnant or planing to become pregnant
*Not severely overweight
*Not planning to lose a considerable amount of weight
*In good health
*Wanting to improve their appearance and/or comfort
*Realistic in their expectations
About the procedure:
The procedure takes approximately 3-4 hours to complete. There are usually two incisions associated with this type of surgery. One incision extends along the lower abdomen just above the pubic hair line. The other is a circular incision around the navel, as the operation frequently requires repositioning the navel to a higher, more natural level. The abdominal skin and fatty tissue are raised away from the underlying abdominal structures. When necessary, repair of the abdominal wall and muscles is done at this time. The tissue is then stretched in a downward direction and the excess is removed.
Small rubber drains may be inserted in the wound to remove blood and serum that may accumulate. These drains are painlessly removed at the time of the first dressing change. The incision is closed either with suture material, special tapes or metal clips. A large pressure dressing is applied followed by a supportive abdominal binder. An I.V. is routinely placed in the hand or arm prior to surgery for fluid maintenance and remains in place usually until the next morning.
What to expect after surgery?
Bed rest for two to three days is recommended. While in bed, your legs should be bent at the hips in order to reduce the strain on the abdominal area. You will be provided with a firm abdominal binder to offer support to the tightened areas.
Dr. Mueller will give you instructions for showering and changing your dressings. Although you may not be able to stand straight at first, you should start walking as soon as possible.
Surface stitches will be removed in five to seven days, and deeper sutures, with ends that protrude through the skin, will come out in two to three weeks.
What is the recovery period like?
It may take you several weeks to feel completely back to normal. If you are in top physical condition, recovery will be much faster. Some people return to work after two weeks, while others take four weeks to recuperate.
After about three days, you may begin light activities. At this point, the gauze may be replaced by a new abdominal supporter. Even if you’ve never exercised before, you should begin a light exercise program to reduce swelling, lower the chance of blood clots, and improve your muscle tone. However, vigorous exercise, especially lifting, should wait until you can do it comfortably and your surgeon gives you permission.
Your scars may appear to worsen during the first few months, but this is normal. It may take up to a year before your scars flatten out and lighten in color. While they will never disappear completely, these scars will be placed so that they will be covered by your clothes, including most bathing suits.
Chin Implants
Chin implants are designed to enlarge, augment or reshape the chin area. The expectation is that they will augment this area thereby adding balance and a more pleasing contour to the face.
The implants are usually made of dimethylpolysiloxane, which is a silicone compound. Prior to the surgery, the type, size, and method of placement of the implants will be discussed carefully with you and Dr. Mueller.
How is the procedure done?
The procedure is frequently done in conjunction with a facelift or other facial surgery, or may be done as an isolated operation. It is usually done under general anesthesia in our outpatient surgicenter. It also may be performed under local anesthesia with sedation if so desired. There is absolutely no pain involved during the procedure because of the anesthetic. The procedure takes about one hour to perform.
There are basically two surgical methods by which the implants may be introduced into the face. Sometimes the intraoral method is used, in which an incision is made inside the mouth, between the gums and the lower lip. This is perhaps the most direct approach. Usually, an implant is placed through a submental crease incision which is the crease immediately below the point of the chin. The best approach for your individual needs wills be discussed in detail at your preoperative appointment.
After the surgery there may be some elastic tape placed on the face to help hold the implant in place while it heals. It is helpful to use cold compresses for the few days immediately after the surgery to reduce swelling. During this time, there may be some discomfort which usually responds quite quickly to pain medication.
What to expect after surgery?
The swelling should begin to subside within three to five days along with the discomfort. It is not uncommon for there to be some temporary numbness in the lip or weakness of the smile. This is due to the body’s inflammatory response to any surgical operation and usually within one to three weeks both of these functions return to normal. It is expected that you will be presentable in approximately one week.
If the operation is done through the intraoral approach, dissolving sutures are used and no sutures need to be removed. If the implant has been placed through the external incision, sutures will need to be removed between 3 and 7 days.
It is best if you remain somewhat quiet and sedentary for the first week postoperatively. This is to reduce the swelling and reduce the chances of bleeding in the area around the implant. After the first week, in the absence of other procedures that require a longer convalescence, normal activity may be resumed although it would be wise to avoid sports or exercise for up to four weeks after the surgery.
What are the risks involved?
As with most surgical procedures, infection or bleeding is possible yet rare. With chin implants nerve damage or malposition is possible but not probable. It is wise to remember that foreign bodies of any sort can be the focus of an infection, and so that when infection occurs or when one goes to the dentist for a cleaning or other dental work, one is encouraged to take antibiotics immediately prior to that procedure. This is the same prophylaxis that is recommended for patients with certain kinds of heart disease, patients with breast implants, patients with joint replacement surgeries, and patients with pace makers or other foreign bodies in their system. This simple precaution prevents infection quite effectively.
Trampoline Platysmaplasty
What is neck rejuvenation?
Neck rejuvenation is focused on the restoration of a more youthful jaw line. As we age, the skin, fatty tissue, muscle, and glands under the jaw line begin to sag downward. This process results in the loss of the youthful jaw line. The loss of jaw line definition and the sculpted neck contours is indicative of the aging neck. There are many procedures utilized to rejuvenate the neck. In some patients, liposuction alone improves neck contours. Many patients require liposuction combined with neck muscle tightening and or muscle repositioning. Being able to restore a neckline with contours and angles creating a natural appearance has been the focus of Dr Mueller.
In 1999 Dr Mueller invented the Trampoline Platysmaplasty to help improve his results of neck rejuvenation. In the early stages, it was used as an over sewing technique to help smooth neck contours after performing traditional muscle- tightening techniques. Many of these required cutting and/or movement of the muscle tissue. At times these maneuvers resulted in skin contour deformities secondary to the muscle manipulation and movement. Soon after the Trampoline was instituted, Dr. Mueller became aware that he could obtain results that were equal to or better than other techniques by using the Trampoline as a stand-alone procedure. This technique involves the placement of a suture matrix underneath the entire jaw line, which is similar to a shoe lace. The suture system was placed through the traditional chin incision yielding consistent as well as successful results for almost a decade.
In September of 2007, Dr Mueller’s revolutionary Implicit Guide™ became available. It became apparent after performing the first few procedures that Implicit Guide™ worked and gave early results that met and exceeded those acquired using the open approach. Dr Mueller continues to develop less-invasive techniques to rejuvenate the face and neck.
Blepharoplasty
What is blepharoplasty?
Blepharoplasty is eyelid surgery and is designed to remove excess fat, along with skin and muscle, from the upper and lower eyelids. It is the second most common aesthetic procedure performed by plastic surgeons.
What does blepharoplasty accomplish?
A properly performed blepharoplasty procedure will brighten the face and restore a more youthful appearance. In some patients the procedure will improve vision by removing the excessive skin of the upper eyelids which can hang down and interfere with peripheral vision.
How is the procedure performed?
Eyelid surgery is usually performed using local anesthesia and light intravenous sedation.
Are there scars from the procedure?
Scars are a result of any surgical procedure. The incisions are barely visible after several months as they are placed within the normal creases and folds of the upper and lower eyelids. In patients who only need removal fat from the lower eyelids, the incision can be made on the inside of the eyelid, and will therefore result in an invisible scar.
What does blepharoplasty do for wrinkles and dark circles?
The blepharoplasty procedure will not eradicate the wrinkles around the eyes (crow’s feet) nor will it elevate droopy eyebrow. There are other procedures designed for these purposes. Such as browlifts. Dark circles under the eyes may improve a bit if this is related to large bags, but most often the dark appearance of the lower eyelid skin remains. You should discuss this with Dr. Mueller.
Who are the best candidates?
The best patients are those who are healthy, psychologically stable and well motivated. Some medical conditions may increase the risk of blepharoplasty surgery such as thyroid disease, high blood pressure, and patients who do not make sufficient tears to keep their eyes well lubricated.
What are the risks with eye surgery?
Fortunately, complications are infrequent and minor. All patients will experience some bruising and swelling for a few days after the surgery. All patients will experience some bruising and swelling for a few days after the surgery. In addition, a temporary problem with closure of the eyelids is usually seen. Some may have temporary blurring of their vision, usually due to the ointments applied to the incisions post operatively. In rare instances, the lower eyelid may by pulled down causing an ectropion. If this does not resolve on its own, further surgery may be necessary. The complications of any surgical procedure, such as bleeding, infection, wound disruption and scarring are possible, but rare.
Breast Augmentation
Breast augmentation, technically known as augmentation mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure to enhance the size and shape of a woman’s breasts for a number of reasons:
• To enhance the body contour of a woman who, for personal reasons, feels her breast size is too small.
• To correct a reduction in breast volume after pregnancy.
• To balance a difference in breast size.
• As a reconstructive technique following breast surgery.
By inserting an implant behind each breast, surgeons are able to increase a woman’s bustline by one or more cup sizes.
The best candidates for breast augmentation are:
• 18 years of age or older
• Not currently pregnant or nursing
• In good physical health
• Psychologically stable
• Wanting to improve their appearance
• Realistic in their expectations
• Having this surgery for the first time
How is the surgery performed?
The method of inserting and positioning your implants will depend on your anatomy and Dr. Mueller’s recommendation. The incision can be made either in the crease where the breast meets the chest, around the areola (the dark skin surrounding the nipple), or in the armpit. Dr. Mueller makes every effort to assure that the incision is placed so resulting the scars will be as inconspicuous as possible. Working through the incision, Dr. Mueller will lift your breast tissue and skin to create a pocket, either directly behind the breast tissue or underneath your chest wall muscle (the pectoral muscle). The implants are then centered beneath your nipples.
Types of implants:
A breast implant is a silicone shell filled with either silicone gel or a salt-water solution known as saline.
Because of concerns that there is insufficient information demonstrating the safety of silicone gel-filled breast implants, the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that new gel-filled implants, at the present time, should be available only to women participating in approved studies. Some women requiring replacement of the implants may also be eligible to participate in the study.
Saline-filled implants continue to be available to breast augmentation patients on an unrestricted basis, pending further FDA review. You should ask Dr. Mueller about the specifics of the FDA decisions.
What is the recovery period like?
Your scars will be pink for several weeks. After several months they will begin to fade. It is critical that you review post-procedure care with Dr. Mueller. Following his instructions carefully will help ensure you have a speedy, healthy recovery. Also keep in mind that:
• Rest is important to the healing process, so do it as much as possible following your procedure. Drink plenty of fluids, and be sure to take the doctor’s prescribed medications.
• For at least 3-5 days, you should try to keep arm extension to a minimal. Elbows should not be raised higher than the armpit. The tissues will heal more quickly if you avoid stretching and separating muscle/tissue surrounding the breast implants.
• Most likely, you will be able to resume calm, quiet work within a few days of surgery.You should still avoid physical exertion for several weeks, depending on the advice of your doctor.
• You will probably be able to resume exercise and normal physical activities within a month or two, when the soreness has subsided. Recovery varies from patient to patient and depends upon the technique, type of implant, and site of placement that the doctor uses, as well as the level of activities in your daily routine. Ask Dr. Mueller for more specific information.
All surgery carries some uncertainly and risk.
Breast augmentation is relatively straightforward. But as with any operation, there are risks associated with surgery and specific complications associated with this procedure. While the majority of women do not experience these complications, you should discuss them with your physician to make sure you understand the risks and consequences of breast augmentation.
HIV Lipodystrophy
HIV lipodystrophy is a syndrome that effects many persons infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The actual cause is unknown and maybe multifactorial. Many experts differ in their opinions as to the cause. Some believe that the syndrome may be a side effect of the medications used to fight this disease, while others are convinced that the virus itself may cause this. Not all persons with HIV develop this problem.
The most common abnormalities that cause physical deformity are facial wasting, buffalo hi-imps- and intraabdominal fat deposition. Facial wasting and buffalo hump deformities can be corrected with various procedures, while intraabdominal fat deposition presents a difficult problem, as any intervention would be quite invasive and would carry with it an unacceptable risk benefit ratio.
Facial Wasting
Definition
This condition is characterized by loss of the midface fat that results in a hollow appearance to the midface/cheek region. The severity varies from person to person ranging from minimal to total loss of fat. In patients afflicted with this condition it may cause many problems including treatment non-compliance, job loss, social isolation, depression, anxiety, and suicidal tendencies.
Treatment
At this time there are no known medical treatments that can successfully reverse this condition. Many patients who develop the fat loss notify their physicians who may elect to change the medical treatment regimen. Some patients will stop taking medications all together hoping to stop the process, which may result in a worsening of their disease. This may slow or stop the process. It is that the fat will return to the facial region by medical treatment alone, or by stopping the medications.
There are many options available to treat this condition. It is important to consider that most of these are not permanent and require maintenance treatments to maintain the facial fullness. There are a few products that are on the horizon and are being evaluated by the FDA that may show more longevity than the currently available soft tissue fillers.
Options
Fat injections – fat is transferred from one part of the body to another. Many times persons with HIV do not have enough fat from other areas to transfer. There is also a fairly high rate of resorption of the fat resulting in the need for further injections.
Softform/gortex implants – these are permanent implants that will not resorb. I personally do not perform these procedures as I believe that they carry a significant risk of complications including infection, scarring and graft exposure.
Collagen/Dermalogen – useful in mild forms of facial lipodystrophy. Skin test required to determine if the patient has an allergy to collagen.
Cymetra - injectable human dermis that has been processed to remove all of the cells therefore making it a graft without immunoreactivity. This enables anyone to have the material placed without the risk of rejection. This is an excellent material that can be easily injected with immediate improvement with no downtime. Sequential treatments have been shown to give a longer lasting result. My personal experience has shown that approximately 15% of patients will reabsorb the material. It can be injected in a few minutes and will result with immediate correction of mild to moderate facial wasting.
Buffalo Hump Fat Deposition
HIV lipodystrophy can also result in the abnormal deposition of fat in the upper back/neck region. This result in physical deformity which can cause pain, neck stiffness and obvious masses which result in the inability to wear clothing secondary to the mass effect.
Treatment
These deformities can be successfully treated by liposuction. Multiple small incisions are made which allow placement of a suction canula that will remove the fatty tissue. The procedure is done in an outpatient setting and can be done with local anesthesia, although it is usually recommended that the patient have some sedation to minimize the possible discomfort associated with the procedure. Many insurance companies will cover the cost of the procedure if they feel that it is medically necessary. Recovery time is short with most patients returning to work within one week. Recurrence of the hump is uncommon, but if present liposuction can be repeated to remove the fatty tissue.
As with all surgical and medical conditions, each patient is unique and requires evaluation in order to develop the best treatment plan.
Otoplasty
Otoplasty can reshape the ears, reduce their size, making them more symmetrical, and/or position them closer to the head. There are several variations of deformity of the ears, each of which must be treated in a different manner. Basically, otoplasty is performed to correct excess protrusion of the ears and place them in a more normal, less conspicuous position. Dr. Mueller will discuss this in detail with you.
It should be noted that both ears are never exactly alike, even in the normal state, and that perfect symmetry is therefore not a reasonable expectation. The operation has no adverse effects upon the hearing mechanism.
About the surgical procedure:
The operation takes approximately 1 to 2 hours to complete and is not painful. The procedure consists of an incision on the back side of the ear, with the removal of a small segment of skin. The cartilage is exposed, and is thinned or cut so that the ear will be placed in a normal position and have a normal configuration. Stitches are used to hold the cartilage in place and to close the skin incision. A bulky type dressing is applied completely around the head so that both ears can be protected, swelling minimized and discomfort limited.
What to expect after surgery:
Discomfort post-operatively is minimal. Whatever discomfort there may be is short-lived and easily handled with routine pain medication. Dressings will be left in place for a period of 1 to 2 weeks and they will be changed periodically as needed. It is advisable to wear a bandana or bandage over the head and ears at night for an additional 3 weeks to avoid injuring the ears while sleeping. When the bandages are removed, the ears will appear swollen and bluish in color. This is normal and will be evident for approximately 4 weeks. Slight swelling will be noticeable for a few weeks. Sutures will be removed in approximately 1 week.
Best candidates are:
*Child, aged four or older, or adult
*In general good health
*No history of scarring problems, such as keloids
*Wanting to improve appearance
*Realistic expectations
*Understand the limitations on activities required for good healing
activities required for good healing
Brow Lift
What is a brow lift?
A brow lift or forehead lift is a procedure that elevates the skin of the forehead allowing the elevation of the eyebrows to a more youthful position. In addition the procedure may involve the partial removal of various muscles that create frown lines.
How is it performed?
The procedure can be performed either with a large incision across the scalp or forehead or through several small incisions using an endoscope. Dr Mueller performs the majority of these procedures using an endoscope, thus allowing patients to have the brow lift without a large incision. Using Threadlite, Dr Mueller is able to position the brow accurately using a suture support system.
Dr Mueller utilizes endoscopic technology coupled with Threadlite to successfully perform brow lifts. The combination of these two technologies result in minimal incisions, less procedure time, more accuracy in brow positioning, and a significantly shortened recovery time.
Who are the best candidates?
This operation works well in those persons who have significant asymmetry of the eyebrows or drooping of the brows. The drooping of the brows can sometimes be a result of genetics. These patients may be younger, seeking a lift to give a more pleasant appearance.
Recovery time?
Most patients are able to return to work in 7 to10 days with minimal bruising and swelling that can be concealed with make-up.
Complications?
As with every operation, there are risks such as infection, bleeding or excessive scarring. These are very uncommon. Complications are infrequent and minor. Rarely patients may experience weakness of the forehead muscles resulting from the surgical elevation of the forehead skin and nerve supplying this area. It is very rare that a permanent nerve injury could occur.